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ABA Family Legal Guide

Family Law

3.4 Separation, Annulment, and Divorce

Alimony/Maintenance

What is permanent support?

Courts award permanent spousal support to provide money for a spouse who cannot become economically independent or maintain a lifestyle that the court considers appropriate given the resources of the parties. A common reason for ordering permanent maintenance is that the recipient, because of advanced age or chronic illness, will never be able to maintain a reasonable standard of living without the support. Some courts will order permanent support be paid to a spouse who, although working, will never have earning power at a level near the earning power of the more prosperous spouse. When deciding the amount of permanent support, courts often use the same criteria as for dividing property.

Although it is called permanent support, the level of support can change or cease if the ability of the payer or the needs of the recipient change significantly. Support generally ends if the recipient remarries, and it may end if the recipient lives with someone else.

Side Bar - When Should Alimony Be Permanent?

Of course, it depends on the facts of each case. Here is how one court decided a case. A wife and husband, both fifty years old, had been married for twenty-nine years. During the first three years of the marriage, the wife worked as a high school physical education teacher. The parties then had four children, and the wife left her full-time job to take care of the home and children for twenty-five years. The husband worked continuously during the marriage, and at the time of divorce, was an administrator for a charitable organization earning $77,000 per year. The wife had resumed teaching and her salary was $30,000 per year. Her salary would have been significantly higher, and she would have had substantial retirement benefits, had she continued teaching full-time during the marriage. On these facts, the Illinois Appellate Court held that the wife was entitled to permanent maintenance (alimony) in the amount of $600 per month. The court said: "Marriage is a partnership, not only morally, but financially. Spouses are coequals, and homemaker services must be recognized as significant when the economic incidents of divorce are determined. The [wife] should not be penalized for having performed her assignment under the agreed-upon division of labor within the family."

Source: In re Marriage of Drury (Illinois Appellate Court, 1980)

American Bar Association Family Legal Guide
Copyright © 2004 American Bar Association
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